Malley, M. (2018). The Lebanese Civil War and the Taif Accord: Conflict and Compromise Engendered by Institutionalized Sectarianism. The History Teacher, 52(1), 121-159.

University of San Diego

Add political science references as child nodes here.


Political Science References

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 2). Political science. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_science

Wikipedia - Political Science

American Politics. (2021, June 2). Columbia University. https://polisci.columbia.edu/content/american-politics#

Columbia University - American Politics

Government structure. USAFacts. (2020, April 18). https://usafacts.org/annual-publications/2020/government-10-k/part-i/item-1-purpose-and-function-of-our-government-general/government-structure/.

References for government structure

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 3). Comparative politics. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_politics

Wikipedia - Comparative Politics

Mingst, K. A., McKibben, H. E., & Arreguín-Toft, I. M. (2019). Essentials of International Relations (8th ed.). W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Essentials of International Relations

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, June 3). Political philosophy. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_philosophy

Wikipedia - Political Theory

Wikibooks contributors. (2021, June 2). Comparative Politics. Wikibooks. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Comparative_Politics

Wikibooks - Comparative Politics

Dahl, R. A. (1998). On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Dahl: On Democracy

Stasavage, D. (2020). Democracy, Autocracy, and Emergency Threats: Lessons for Covid-19 From the Last Thousand Years. International Organization 74, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818320000338

Stasavage (2020)

Bosancianu, C. M., Dionne, K. Y., Hilbig, H., Humphreys, M., KC, S., Lieber, N., & Scacco, A. (2020). Political and Social Correlates of Covid-19 Mortality. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ub3zd

Bosancianu et al. (2020)

Frey, C. B., Chen, C., & Presidente, G. (2020). Democracy, Culture, and Contagion: Political Regimes and Countries Responsiveness to Covid-19. Covid Economics, 18, 1-20. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:06808503-78e4-404f-804f-1f97ab2c7d7e

Frey et al. (2020)

Meaning of liberal democracy in English. (2021, June 8). Lexico. https://www.lexico.com/definition/liberal_democracy

Lexico - Liberal Democracy

Scheppele, K. L. & Pozen, D. (2020). Executive Overreach and Underreach in the Pandemic. In M. P. Maduro & P. W. Kahn (Eds.), Democracy in Times of Pandemic: Different Futures Imagined. (pp. 38-53). New York: Cambridge University Press. 

Scheppele and Pozen (2020)

Hungary: Coronavirus Pandemic Country Profile. (2021, June 10). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/hungary

Our World in Data - Hungary Covid-19 Overview

New Zealand: Coronavirus Pandemic Country Profile. (2021, June 10). Our World in Data. https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus/country/new-zealand

Our World in Data - New Zealand Covid-19 Overview

Jefferies, S., French, N., Gilkison, C., Graham, G., Hope, V., Marshall, J., McElnay C., McNeill, A., Muellner, P., Paine, S., Prasad, N., Scott, J., Sherwood, J., Yang, L., & Priest, P. (2020). COVID-19 in New Zealand and the impact of national response: a descriptive epidemiological study. The Lancet, 5(11), 612-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30225-5

Jefferies et al. (2020)

Dashboard: Social and political correlates of Covid-19. (2021, May 3). WZB: Institutions and Political Equality Group. https://wzb-ipi.github.io/corona/

Social and Political Correlates of Covid-19

Tasnim, S., Hossain, M. M., & Mazumder, H. (2020). Impact of Rumors and Misinformation on COVID-19 in Social Media. Journal of Preventive Medicine & Public Health, 53, 171-174. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.20.094

Tasnim et al. (2020)

Schellekens, P. & Sourrouille, D. (2020). COVID-19 Mortality in Rich and Poor Countries: A Tale of Two Pandemics. World Bank Group, May 2020, pp. 1-33. 

Schellekens & Sourrouille (2020)

Haggard, S. & Kaufman, R. R. (2021). Backsliding: Democratic Regress in the Contemporary World. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Haggard & Kaufman (2021)

Lührmann, A., Maerz, S. F., Grahn, S., Alizada, N., Gastaldi, L., Hellmeier, S., Hindle, G., & Lindberg, S. I. (2020). Autocratization Surges – Resistance Grows: Democracy Report 2020. Gothenburg: Varieties of Democracy Institute.

Lührmann et al. (2020)

Plattner, M. F. (2016). Is Democracy in Decline? Democracy & Society, 1(4), 1-7. 

Plattner (2016)

Armingeon, K. & Guthmann, K. (2014). Democracy in crisis? The declining support for national democracy in European countries, 2007-2011. European Journal of Political Research, 53, 423-442. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12046

Armingeon & Guthmann (2014)

Essers, D. (2012). Democracy and external shock resilience in developing countries: Evidence from the Great Recession (No. 2012.02). University of Antwerp, Institute of Development Policy (IOB).

Essers (2012)

Remmer, K. L. (1990). Democracy and economic crisis: the Latin American experience. World Politics: A Quarterly Journal of International Relations, 42(3), 315-335. https://doi.org/10.2307/2010414

Remmer (1990)

Haggard, S. (2000). The political economy of the Asian financial crisis. Institute for International Economics.

Haggard (2000)

Kyle, J. & Meyer, B. (2020, February 7). High Tide? Populism in Power, 1990-2020. Tony Blair Institute for Global Change. https://institute.global/policy/high-tide-populism-power-1990-2020

Kyle & Meyer (2020)

Populist Leaders in Eastern Europe Run Into a Little Problem: Unpopularity. (2021, June 21). The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/21/world/europe/eastern-europe-populist-leaders-unpopular.html

Unpopular Populism (New York Times)

Naxera, V. (2018). The Never-ending story: Czech governments, corruption and populist anti-corruption rhetoric (2010–2018). Politics in Central Europe, 14(3), 31-54.

Naxera (2018)

Partridge, H. (1998). 4: The regime of the parties. In Italian politics today (pp. 63-83). Manchester: Manchester University Press.

Partridge (1998)

de Giorgi, E. (2019). The never-ending transformation of the Italian party system. In M. Lisi (Ed.), Party system change, the European crisis and the state of democracy (pp. 155-170). New York: Routledge.

de Giorgi (2019)

Kingstone, P. R. & Power, T. J. (2017). Introduction. In Kingstone, P. R. & Power, T. J. (Eds.), Democratic Brazil Divided (pp. 3-23). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press. 

Kingstone & Power (2017)

Haggard, S. & Kaufman, R. R. (2020). Backsliding: Democratic regress in the contemporary world: Appendix. In S. Haggard & R.R. Kaufman, Backsliding: Democratic regress in the contemporary world. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Haggard & Kaufman (2020) - Appendix

Sata, R. & Karolewski I. P. (2020). Caesarean politics in Hungary and Poland. East European Politics, 36(2), 206-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/21599165.2019.1703694

Sata & Karolewski (2020)

Weyland, K. (2003). Economic voting reconsidered: Crisis and charisma in the election of Hugo Chávez. Comparative Political Studies, 36(7), 822-848. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414003255106 

Weyland (2003)

Hunter, W. & Power, T. J. (2019). Bolsonaro and Brazil’s illiberal backlash. Journal of Democracy, 30(1), 68-82. 

Hunter & Power (2019)

Waikar, P. (2018). Reading Islamophobia in Hindutva: An analysis of Narendra Modi's political discourse. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 4(2), 161-180. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0161

Waikar (2018)

Vacas-Soriano, C. & Fernández-Macías, E. (2018). Income inequality in the Great Recession from an EU-wide perspective. CESifo Forum, 19(2), 9-18. http://hdl.handle.net/10419/181205

Vacas-Soriano & Fernández-Macías (2018)

Iyengar, S., Lelkes, Y., Levendusky, M., Malhotra, N., & Westwood, S. J. (2019). The origins and consequences of affective polarization in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 22, 129-46. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051117-073034

Iyengar, et al. (2019)

Jones, D. R. (2015). Declining trust in Congress: Effects of polarization and consequences for democracy. The Forum, 13(3), 375-394. https://doi.org/10.1515/for-2015-0027

Jones (2015)

Sartori, G. (1976). Parties and party systems: A framework for analysis. Cambridge University Press.

Sartori (1976)

Mudde, C. & Kaltwasser, C. R. (2017). Chapter 5: Populism and democracy. In Populism: A very short introduction (pp. 79-96). Oxford University Press. 

Mudde & Kaltwasser (2017)

Havlík, V. (2019). Technocratic populism and political illiberalism in Central Europe. Problems of Post-Communism, 66(66), 369-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2019.1580590 

Havlík (2019)

Lührmann, A., & Lindberg, S. I. (2019). A third wave of autocratization is here: what is new about it?. Democratization, 26(7), 1095-1113.

Lührmann and Lindberg (2019)

Grumbach, J. (2021). Laboratories of Democratic Backsliding. (Working Paper). Retrieved from: https://t.co/O4DJAxizHY

Grumbach (2021)

Pippa Norris. (2020). Electoral Integrity in the 2020 American Elections (PEI-US-2020). Electoral Integrity Project: Cambridge, MA.

Norris (2020)

Haugbolle, S. (2011). The historiography and the memory of the Lebanese civil war. Online encyclopedia of mass violence, 5.

Lebanese Civil War

Lugo-Ocando, J., & Cañizález, A. (2021). The return of the Caudillos in the digital age–changing hegemony and Media Caesarism: Continuities and changes in the news media landscape under the Chavismo. In When Media Succumbs to Rising Authoritarianism (pp. 90-105). Routledge.

"The Return of the Caudillos"

Buxton, J. (2020). Continuity and change in Venezuela’s Bolivarian Revolution. Third World Quarterly, 41(8), 1371-1387.

Buxton (2020)

Venezuelan, A., & Ausman, J. (2019). The devastating Venezuelan crisis. Surgical Neurology International, 10, 1-6.

"The Devastating Venezuelan Crisis"

Posner, P. W. (2021). Reevaluating the Chávez Regime: Participatory Democracy or Rentier Populism?. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 40(2), 299-315.

Posner (2021)

Oner, I. (2021). Nicolas Maduro: A populist without popularity.

"A Populist Without Popularity"

Hernández, I., & La Rosa, J. R. (2020). Venezuela and Its Calamities: Add Covid-19 to the List.

"Venezuela and COVID-19"

Smilde, D. (2019, January 8). Venezuelans want President Maduro out, but most would oppose foreign military intervention to remove him. The World. https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-01-08/venezuelans-want-president-maduro-out-most-would-oppose-foreign-military 

Pri.org

Jiménez, M. (2021). Contesting Autocracy: Repression and Opposition Coordination in Venezuela. Political Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321721999975

Jiménez (2021)

Bahout, J. (2016). The Unraveling of Lebanon's Taif Agreement: Limits of Sect-based Power Sharing (Vol. 16). Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Taif Agreement - Lebanon

Azar, E. E., & Haddad, R. F. (1986). Lebanon: An anomalous conflict?. Third World Quarterly, 8(4), 1337-1350.

Edward Azar on Lebanon

https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/05/01/lebanon-sinking-into-one-of-the-most-severe-global-crises-episodes


World Bank Press Release on Lebanon

https://www.davispoliticalreview.com/article/lebanons-political-reality-beacon-of-hope-or-endless-darkness

Davis Political Review on Lebanon (2020)

https://www.hrw.org/blog-feed/lebanon-protests


Human Rights Watch Blog on Lebanon

Lebanese Civil War & Taif Accord

Reuters (2021), At least 28 killed in Lebanon fuel tank explosion, Middle East, 

Akkar Explosion

Wikipedia: Government

Wikipedia: Federal Government of the United States

Wikipedia contributors. (2021, November 23). Australian Government. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:40, November 30, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Australian_Government&oldid=1056730311

Learn Before

Related