These can contribute to internalizing and externalizing phenotypes. Internalizing problems can include anxiety, depression, and self-harm. Externalizing problems include opposition, delinquency, and hostility.

New Mexico Highlands University

LH Theory refers to whether one is focused on present mating with multiple partners and less parental effort, known as a fast LH strategy, or focused on future mating in a long-term relationship and more parental effort, known as a slow LH strategy. 

Life History (LH) Theory

Curlee, A. S., Tein, J.-Y., White, R. M. B., Carlo, G., Gonzales, N. A., & Knight, G. P. (2022). US Mexican-origin young adults’ mental health relative to interpersonal stressor transitions from childhood to adolescence. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. https://doi-org.proxy.wichita.edu/10.1037/cdp0000563.supp (Supplemental)

US Mexican-origin young adults’ mental health relative to interpersonal stressor transitions from childhood to adolescence

Paulo, M., Vagos, P., Ribeiro Da Silva, D., & Rijo, D. (2020). The role of shame and shame coping strategies on internalizing/externalizing symptoms: Differences across gender in adolescents. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(4), 578–597. https://doi-org.proxy.wichita.edu/10.1080/17405629.2019.1682991

The role of shame and shame coping strategies on internalizing/externalizing symptoms: Differences across gender in adolescents

Life History Strategies and Physiological Responses

This is associated with higher executive functioning (EF), more emotional intelligence, less sexually coercive behavior, and less negative ethnocentrism.

Slow Life History Strategy

This promotes more unstable social relationships and more self-interested behavior. Unpredictable and harsh conditions lead to fast LH strategies. 

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