A literature review in an experimental report serves two main purposes: (1) it motivates the experiment by showing that it addresses a valuable gap in existing knowledge, and (2) it gives readers the background needed to understand and interpret what the experiment's results actually show.

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Literature review is not about the experiment itself but rather about what it might mean. It scopes what a good experiment should look like by defining the gap in knowledge that a suitable experiment could fill. How an experimenter fills that gap is a matter of design.

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