Mature viruses burst out of the host cell and into the environment to infect new cells.

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The bacteriophage attaches to the cell surface and penetrates the cell by injecting viral DNA inside the host. Eventually the phage DNA is replicated which allows for the production of phage proteins. Lastly, the cell is destroyed where the newly assembled particles exit the host cell through cell lysis.

Lytic Cycle

This type of bacteriophage does not kill the host cell right away, rather the phage genome integrates into the bacterial chromosome and becomes apart of the host. Then, as the host divides into daughter cells the phage genome is also replicated. Eventually, the host cell becomes stressed, the phage genome exits the host, makes more phage particles, and then the virus exits the host DNA resulting from lysis.

Lysogenic Cycle

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The steps for both the Lytic and Lysogenic cycle of replication include:
- Attachment
- Penetration
- Integration and host cell division (unique to the lysogenic cycle)
- Biosynthesis
- Maturation
- Lysis

Steps of Bacteriaphage Replication

The production of of new viral components from phage DNA replication. 

Biosynthesis of Bacteriophage

Where the phage interacts with specific bacterial surface receptors.

Attachment of Bacteriophage

Lysis of Bacteriophage

Maturation of Bacteriophage

When the phage enters the cell through the contraction of the tail sheath, which acts like a needle to inject the viral genome through the cell wall and membrane.

Penetration of Bacteriophage (Lytic Mechanism)

The host (bacterial cell) divides into 2 daughter cells and each of them has the prophage DNA this continues until the cells get stressed out until the viral DNA exits the host DNA.

The advantage of the Lysogenic Cycle

The phage DNA is incorporated into the host genome.

Integration of Bacteriophage

The phage latches on to the new cell and to infect it. 

Penetration of Bacteriophage

When the cell is under stressful conditions the prophage DNA is excised from the bacterial chromosome so that it can enter into the lytic cycle where the cell is destroyed. 

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