The space between larger blocks or elements in design.

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

White space, alternatively known as "negative space," is the empty space covering the area outside of interactive content. While the term is "white" space, the color of empty spaces aren't always white. White spaces are incredibly effective in producing clean designs, mainly because it helps process visual data more efficiently: "A good way to define chunks and sections in the UI is of course negative space. Our memory capacity is limited so we can easily use white space to create meaningful groups of elements that will help the user to remember them easily in a way that when he interacts with the UI more frequently he could easily recall of sections and where they might appear and mean."

There are two types of negative spaces: 

•Micro spaces

•Macro spaces

Empty Spaces in UI Design

There are 2 types of negative space: 1) micro and 2) macro negative space. The space between bigger components in a frame is macro, and the space between smaller components is called micro space.

There are various ways in which micro and macro spaces are effective:

       
• Symmetry and Asymmetry
    
• Creating Rhythmic Structure
    
• Implicit Content Relationships

Micro and Macro Spaces

"In design, rhythm is created by simply repeating elements in predictable patterns. This repetition is a natural thing that occurs everywhere in our world." Visual rhythm is created by repeated positive shapes separated by negative spaces. As this occurs naturally in the world, it come to users as natural when rhythmic patterns are used in web design. There are three main types of visual rhythm used in UI/web design.

• Regular Rhythm
• Progressive Rhythm
• Flowing Rhythm

 Visual Rhythm in UI design

The space between small elements like lines, words, and letters

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