Macrophages are differentiated monocytes that can adapt many different phenotypes depending on the signaling that caused them to mature. Typically, they are pro-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and produce the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF. Alternatively, if the macrophage is activated by IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13, the cell can have anti-inflammatory properties by producing IL-10, the antagonist for the IL-1 receptor, and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ).