Research showed that emotion suppression produces a paradoxical effect wherein the suppressed thought or emotion actually becomes more prominent and generates greater emotional and physiological distress and dyscontrol. Moreover, the inhibition of emotional expression may increase the likelihood of behavior problems, including aggression and health-risk behaviors.

How do socialized emotion regulation difficulties contribute to psychopathology in men?

A lifetime of conforming to the masculine norm of being emotionally restrictive could produce deficits in the ability to identify and describe emotions.

Pepperdine University

Individual men are posited to incorporate cognitions about masculinity into their emotional and behavioral repertoires, making it difficult for them to put words on feelings or emotions.


The cognitive factor of masculinity

Berke, D. S., Reidy, D., & Zeichner, A. (2018). Masculinity, emotion regulation, and psychopathology: A critical review and integrated model. Clinical psychology review, 66, 106-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2018.01.004 

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