Based on the scenario provided, explain how the manager's actions and underlying beliefs align with a management approach that assumes employees are inherently lazy, avoid responsibility, and are motivated primarily by self-interest.

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Theory X, developed by Douglas McGregor, is a management approach built on the assumption that employees are inherently lazy, dislike work, and lack ambition. According to this view, managers believe that workers need constant direction, prefer to be told what to do, and must be closely supervised. It is also assumed that employees are primarily motivated by selfish interests, such as pay, rather than a desire to contribute to organizational goals.

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