Purse, M. (2020, July 11). What Is a Manic Episode? Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-to-recognize-a-manic-or-hypomanic-episode-380316. 

University of Rochester

Mania can be described as an extended period of elevated mood and hyperexcitation. This can last days or weeks, or possibly even longer. Symptoms include, but are not limited to:
- Irritability
- Increase in risk-taking behavior (i.e. hypersexuality, gambling)
- Racing thoughts
- Rapid speech
- Distractibility
- Increased activity, multitasking
- Decreased sleep
- Grandiosity 

Mania

Transliminality connects to a higher chance of belief in the paranormal, creativity, manic episodes, hyperesthesia, and positive views towards dream interpretation.

Correlations with Transliminality 

Mania Symptoms

No significant improvement of mania was found directly after an MBCT intervention because MBCT research is done mostly on patients of very severe mania which comes with hyperactivity, poor focus, etc. For this reason, MBCT may be more effective for patients with less severe mania, but more research is needed. After a year-long follow up of consistent at-home mindfulness practice, mania symptoms improved.


The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on Mania in Patients with Bipolar Disorder

Hypomania is similar to mania, with an underlying elated or irritable mood along with other symptoms. There are a few main differences:
- time requirement: hypomanic episode has a minimum length of 4 days (manic episode must be at least 7 days)
- Impairment: a hypomanic episode cannot cause impairment, while a manic episode must cause impairment
- psychotic symptoms: a hypomanic episode cannot include psychotic symptoms

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