Prior to the experiment, participants answered a questionnaire on their computer experience and watched tutorials on how to use the three hypertext structures. Then, five stages were presented to the participants in the study:
- Stage one: reading task
- Stage two: question answering task
- Stage three: distraction task
- Stage four: card location task
- Stage five: questionaire

Procedure - "Disorientation in hypertext: the effects of three text structures on navigation performance"

The article used in this study was called 'The Nature of Human Learning'
- Approximately 4500 words
- Adopted in hypertext format by the authors of this paper

Boston University

This paper explores navigation performance, amongst 12 postgraduate students, of linear and non-linear hypertext with one document. The three conditions presented to participants were:
- Linear: sequential structure, each node appears in a fixed linear sequence
- Hierarchical: one parent node for any number of child nodes
- Non-linear: cross-referential links, any card could be connected to a number of other cards

Links in cards are established through keywords or text buttons in each node

Text Structures Tested - "Disorientation in hypertext: the effects of three text structures on navigation performance"

McDonald, S., & Stevenson, R. J. (1996). Disorientation in hypertext: The effects of three text structures on navigation performance. Applied ergonomics, 27(1), 61-68.

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