The study of numbers, formulas, shapes and spaces, and quantities and their changes.

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Arizona State University

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- Mathematics
- Statistics
- Computing
- Logic
- Artificial Intelligence
- Game Theory
- Systems Theory
- Decision Theory
- Theoretical Linguistics 

Concepts Studied in Formal Science

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Knowledge gained through sensation, experience, study, investigation or instruction, or the communication of attained knowledge.

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While multiple definitions exist, logic most broadly is a particular way of thinking about something characterized by rule-based reasoning.

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