As the title of the paper states, who is experiencing the Matthew Effect? Discussion of the concept in the article starts with the problem that previous studies of this phenomenon have summarized the students involved as either skilled or unskilled readers, who may experience an advantage or disadvantage in later education. However, this is a limited perspective as to which students go through the Matthew Effect, as no consideration was made regarding the students' background. The solution is to define poor and advantaged students based on certain aspects of the students' background.