- The traditional measure of clustering free recall has issues on consistency of recalled categories, numbers of items recalled, and the distribution of categories → cannot compare within and between subjects

- Thus, ARC is used to measure clustering recall

Errors of Traditional Measures Before Adjusted Ratio of Clustering (ARC)

- LSA is a theory and method of using a contextual meaning of words from a large body of texts into mathematical, statistical computation (Colorado University Boulder, 2015; Landauer, 1998)

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)

- 1) Adjusted Ratio of Clustering (ARC) Measure 
- 2) Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) 
- 3) Short-answer Test (unimportant/ important details)

Claremont Graduate University

- If participants are expected to teach on learning, but in reality, they did not teach, they would still retain more free recall and organized information than the participants who were not told to teach.

"Expecting to teach enhances learning..." (Nestojo et al. , 2014)

Nestojko, J. F., Bui, D. C., Kornell, N., & Bjork, E. L. (2014). Expecting to teach enhances learning and organization of knowledge in free recall of text passages. Memory & cognition, 42(7), 1038–1048. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-014-0416-z

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