During the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers have been exposed to stressful and traumatic events that can produce negative mental health outcomes. 
This cross-sectional study collected data March 27 - March 31 using an online questionnaire with all healthcare workers in Italy as eligible respondents. 
1379 workers were used in the sample. Being a frontline healthcare worker was significantly associated with having post traumatic stress syndrome (p=0.03). 
Additionally, having a colleague who was sick, quarantined, or who had died was significantly associated with PTSS, depression, and higher perceived stress.

Mental Health Outcomes Among Frontline and Second-Line Health Care Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Italy

Quarantine and social distancing measures have particularly affected young populations during the COVID-19 pandemic, as they often identify themselves through their social interactions. This cross-sectional study (May 7-May 16, 2020)(n=666) surveyed German individuals, aged between 16 and 25 years of age, online. This study showed that 56% of respondents experienced psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social risk indicators for increased psychological distress include unemployment, inability to work, migrant/ethnic minority group position, and single relationship status. This study also shows that individuals who experienced psychological distress are more likely to report having a positive attitude towards mental health apps, possibly suggesting a further need in developing these.

Mental Health Outcomes in Youth (ages 16 to 25) During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study focuses on the first nation-wide survey in China conducted from January 31st to February 10th, 2020 to collect a total of 52,730 responses across 36 regions as well as Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau. The survey was online and therefore available to the general public. The questionnaire (the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index, or CPDI)  included questions about the demographic data, diagnostic questions for phobias and stress disorders (from the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision), cognitive change, physical symptoms, and decrease of social functioning to calculate a score from 0 to 100. The study’s findings showed higher psychological distress in females than males and in participants ages 18 to 30 years or over 60. Those below the age of 18 years may have shown the lowest scores due to the fact that there is a lower mortality rate in younger people. Additionally, the accessibility of medical resources and measures taken against the epidemic factored into the CPDI scores. 


The Psychological Stress of Chinese People Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

- Analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 among the elderly population in China and make corresponding suggestions
- Mental Health in Elderly Spanish People during COVID-19
- Psychological Distress and Its Correlates Among COVID-19 Survivors During Early Convalescence Across Age Groups

Mental health associated with COVID-19 for older adults

- Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

Mental Health Outcomes associated with Covid-19 for Healthcare Workers

- Healthcare workers
- Chinese population 
- Youth (16 to 25 years of age)
- Older Adults (60+ years old)

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

Columbia University

Amherst College

Due to the large life and routine changes caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic, mental health issues are arising and increasingly relevant public health problems that needs to be addressed.

Mental Health and psychological distress Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic

Mental Health Outcomes by Population Group

- China
- Scotland
- England
- The Netherlands

Mental health and psychological distress associated with COVID-19 by country

Domestic violence refers to a range of violations that happen within a home. For many people, especially women and children, home is often the place they experience physical, mental and sexual violence. The negative effects of the pandemic, such as confinement and loneliness, closure of schools and businesses and economic vulnerability due to loss of jobs have disproportionately increased the occurrences of violence towards women and children. Several different countries, such as the UK, Brazil and Spain, have witnessed an increase in the rates since the announcement of lockdown by their governments. The pandemic therefore creates a paradox around staying safe at home. 

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