- Analytical Methods (directed at measuring mental load): expert opinion, mathematical models, task analysis
- Empirical Methods (directed at measuring mental effort): rating scales, performance dating utilizing primary and secondary task techniques, and psychophysiological data
- Empirical Methods generally used more often

Analytical and Empirical Methods for Measuring Cognitive Load

- Mental Load: The estimated cognitive demand based on information regarding the task and those doing it
- Mental Effort: The cognitive capacity allocated to completion of the task
- Performance: The achievements of the learner, for example # of correct answers on a test

Boston University

Cognitive load is a multivariate concept that represents the weight or load that a task costs the doer's cognitive system. It is composed of several different aspects, including mental load, mental effort, and performance. To effectively measure cognitive load, it is necessary to measure all of the components.

Defining and Measuring Cognitive Load 

Fred Paas, Juhani E. Tuovinen, Huib Tabbers & Pascal W. M. Van Gerven (2003) Cognitive Load Measurement as a Means to Advance Cognitive Load Theory, Educational Psychologist, 38:1, 63-71, DOI: 10.1207/S15326985EP3801_8

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