A protein that is adjacent to certain receptors and activated when those receptors bind with transmitters. G proteins can then directly open an ion channel or send an internal chemical signal which can then affect the ion channel.

G Proteins

A receptor that binds to a transmitter, but does not control whether the ion channel opens. When a transmitter binds, the receptor activates G proteins.

California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

The binding of transmitters to receptors causes the ion channels to open.

Ion Channels Open

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

A protein that has a receptor and an ion channel. When bound to a transmitter, the ion channel is opened.

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