Concept

Metaphorical Description and Personification of the Barbat in Khosrow Nameh

In Section 42 of Khosrow Nameh, Farid al-Din Attar employs riddle-like metaphors (loghaz) and personification (tashkhis) to describe the barbat (lute). The instrument is depicted as a silent entity given a voice, with its physical features represented poetically: its neck and bowl as 'hands on its head, fat on one side and thin on the other'; its strings as veins that cry out under the plectrum (zakhmeh); and the musician as a nurse (dayeh) who embraces and disciplines the instrument to produce harmonious music. This metaphorical style illustrates the rich tradition of instrumental descriptions in classical Persian poetry, turning physical components of musical instruments into living, emotional characters.

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Updated 2026-07-03

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Humanities

Literature

Persian Literature Prerequisite Course