Post-warnings were found to be influential against the misinformation effect. Post-warnings decreased the size of the misinformation effect by 33-50%.

Ohio State University, Columbus

An intervention to the misinformation effect consisting of the addition of a warning after the presentation of misleading information. Post-warnings intend to encourage less reliance on information presented after an event.

Misinformation Effect Interventions: Post-warnings

Blank, H., & Launay, C. (2014). How to protect eyewitness memory against the misinformation effect: A meta-analysis of post-warning studies. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 3(2), 77–88. https://doi-org.proxy.lib.ohio-state.edu/10.1037/h0101798.supp (Supplemental)

How to protect eyewitness memory against the misinformation effect: A meta-analysis of post-warning studies

- Specificity
- Enlightenment
- Social Discrediting of the Misinformation Source

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