Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder or PMDD is categorized as a mood disorder. It is marked by a slew of symptoms that occur the week prior to the start of menses. Its existence as a disorder and its inclusion in the DSM is highly controversial. 

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder

Many mental illnesses (including cancer, injuries, infections, and chronic illnesses) can trigger symptoms of depression.

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Most common types of mood disorders:
- Bipolar Disorder
- Anxiety Disorders
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)
- Mood disorders related to another health condition 
- Substance-induced mood disorder

Types of Mood Disorders

John Hopkins Medicine. (n.d.). Mood disorders. Johns Hopkins Medicine. Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/mood-disorders 

Mood Disorders

According to the DSM-5, Depressive Disorders constitute a primary category of mood disorders characterized by depression as their central feature. This group of disorders is recognized by the presence of sad, empty, or irritable moods, along with associated somatic and cognitive changes that significantly impair an individual's ability to function. The specific disorders within this category can vary in their duration, timing, and presumed causes.

Depressive Disorders

A mild mood disorder resembling bipolar 2 in fluctuations from elevated to depressed mood, however, these fluctuations are not as intense. These fluctuations vary only from mild depression to hypomania. These symptoms must be present for at least 2 years for a diagnosis. 

Cyclothymia

Symptoms of depression that are due to the effects of medicine, drug abuse, alcoholism, exposure to toxins, or other forms of treatment.

Substance-induced Mood Disorder

Mood disorder related to another health condition 

Histrionic Personality Disorder is a mental health condition marked by unstable emotions and a distorted self-image. It is a part of cluster B or ‘dramatic’ personality disorders. People with this disorder experience intense, unstable emotions and their self-esteem depends on the approval of others. They have a desire to be the center of attention at all times and are seductive, manipulative, and charming.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Bipolar and Related Disorders are recognized by unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration, affecting the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. The presence of mania is a defining trait of bipolar disorder. These shifts range from periods of manic episodes (being extremely “up”, elated, irritable, or energized) and depressive episodes (being very “down”, indifferent, or hopeless).

Bipolar and Related Disorders

Anxiety disorder can range from mild feelings of nervousness and anxiousness to excessive fear or anxiety due to anticipation of future events.

Anxiety Disorder

A 30-year-old individual reports experiencing a significant loss of interest in their hobbies, feelings of worthlessness, and persistent fatigue for the past month. However, they also describe a distinct one-week period last year where they felt euphoric, needed only two hours of sleep per night without feeling tired, and impulsively bought a sports car they could not afford. Based on this pattern of symptoms, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

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