The smallest grammatical unit of a language; a word or meaningful part of a word.

University of Pittsburgh

All human languages have similar basic elements, and each is composed of a 
set of sounds and symbols that have distinct meanings.

1. Phoneme
2. Morpheme
3. Semantics
4. Syntax
5. Pragmatics

Basic Elements

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Morpheme 

The meanings or interpretation of words and sentences in a 
language.

Semantics 

In linguistics, the context in which a speech sound is uttered.

Pragmatics

Syntax is the component of grammar that dictates the rules for organizing words into coherent and meaningful sentences.

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