A reactor characterized by not having inflow nor outflow of reactants or products while the interior reaction is occurring. Batch reactors are used for small-scale operations, testing new processes before they are developed further, manufacturing expensive products, and processes challenging to conduct in continuous operation. 

Batch Reactor

A reactor that is operated at steady state, with few exceptions.

Continuous-Flow Reactor

A continuous-flow reactor mainly used for liquid-phase reactions. It is assumed to be perfectly mixed implying that every point within it shares identical variables.

Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR)

- Batch (BR)

Continuous-Flow:
- Continuous-Stirred Tank (CSTR)
- Plug-Flow (PFR)
- Fixed Bed / Packed Bed (PBR)

Calvin College

A term encompassing the engineering behind the development of an industrial plant. There are many aspects to consider in plant design, from comparing different processes that yield the same product to the geographical location of the plant itself.

Plant Design (Chemical Engineering)

Fogler, H. S. (2016). Elements of chemical reaction engineering. Pearson Education. 

Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering Fifth Edition 

Peters, M. S., et al. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2003. 

Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers: Fourth Edition

A diagram used by chemical engineers to ease understanding in plant processes. This diagram displays the sequence of equipment and unit operations in a plant, and details material quantities and energy transfers.

Flow Diagram

- Preliminary / quick-estimate designs
- Detailed-estimate designs
- Firm process designs / detailed designs

Plant Design Types

By weighing certain variables, one can narrow down differing plant processes that would yield the same product, instead of having to make multiple complete designs and comparing them afterwards.

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