- mediating variable
- the different ways that the students interacted with the computer
- “what participants do to solve a set of tasks”


University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- In the 1990s, study reported that females used the computer less frequently and were more apprehensive to do so-has been reaffirmed by more recent studies as well 
- Seems as though males and females spend the same amount of time on computers at work but at home, males use it more in their free time 
- Females are less certain of their computer abilities than males 
- cognitive-motivational process model
- mediating variables= functional state and learning strategies

Gender Differences in Computer performance & motivation background info

Vollmeyer, R., & Imhof, M. (2007). Are there gender differences in computer performance? If so, can motivation explain them?. Zeitschrift für Pädagogische Psychologie, 21(3/4), 251-261.

- Defines motivation as one of the initial stages in solving a problem or figuring out how to do a task

4 aspects of initial motivation
- Probability of success-”calculate the probability of success by taking into account their ability and the perceived difficulty of the task”
- Anxiety-”fear of failure”
- Interest-”the content or task is important for an individual”
- Challenge-”whether individuals accept the situation as an achievement situation in which they want to succeed”


Cognitive-motivational Process model

- mediating variable 
- ”the learners’ state of concentration and effort while they work with the learning material”
- researchers used flow as a construct

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