References for Tic Disorders

A tic is a rapid, recurrent motor movement or vocalization. The most commonly known tic disorder is Tourette syndrome, but persistent motor or vocal tic disorder and provisional tic disorder are other types of neurodevelopmental tic disorders.

All types of tic disorders begin before age 18, although they may wax and wane in intensity, leading to classification of simple or complex. However, tics typically improve throughout adulthood, but can be affected by environmental or internal factors.

Tic Disorders

References for Dyspraxia

Dyspraxia, or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which children experience poor motor coordination and have difficulty learning motor skills. Movements may be slow or inaccurate in these patients.

Dyspraxia can also manifest in adults, mainly due to brain damage. This is often referred to as acquired dyspraxia.

Dyspraxia

A motor disorder is a condition that begins in early childhood and impacts the ability to control and execute physical movements. This is typically not due to muscle weakness but atypical development of the brain and nervous system.

Common types of motor disorders include: Tic disorders, developmental coordination disorder, and stereotypic movement disorder.

Appalachian State University

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a grouping of disorders that are characterized by onset during the developmental period and present as deficits in functioning. NDDs were first introduced as a category in the DSM-5 in 2013 

NDDs include 
-Intellectual disability (ID) 
-Communication disorders
-Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 
-Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
-Neurodevelopmental Motor Disorders (including tic disorders) 
-Specific Learning Disorders

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