The marked reduction in hippocampal volume observed in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may result from decreased levels of neurogenesis (the generation of new neurons) and dendritic branching (the generation of new dendrites in existing neurons).

Potential Mechanisms for Hippocampal Volume Reduction in PTSD

Neurogenesis is defined as the generation of new neurons.

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Neurons, also known as nerves if they're in the peripheral nervous system, are the information carriers. There are aproximately 80-90 billion neurons in the adult human brain, arranged in complex networks and circuits that control behavior and body functions. The current theory about neurons is the neuron doctrine.

Neurons

Spielman, R. M., Jenkins, W. J., & Lovett, M. D. (2020, April 22). Psychology (2nd ed.). OpenStax. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction

OpenStax Psychology (2nd ed.) Textbook

Neurons are cells and have many of the basic componetns of the cell. 
- mitochondria
- cell nucleus
- ribosomes


There are also specialized structures
- dendrites
- cell body
- axon
- axon terminals

Physical structures of the neuron

Neurogenesis

The electrical charge of the fluids inside and outside a neuron is caused by charged molecules, called ions, which are dissolved in the fluid.

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