Proof-of-Stake was first deployed as a stand-alone protocol on the Nxt blockchain. 

University of Minnesota - Twin Cities

- Peercoin blockchain
- Nxt blockchain
- Decentralized applications (dApps)
- Algorand


Proof-of-Stake in practice

Saleh, Fahad. (2021). Blockchain Without Waste: Proof-of-Stake. Wake Forest University. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3183935


Blockchain Without Waste: Proof-of-Stake

A Proof-of-Stake proposal developed by King and Nadal in 2012 was implemented on the Peercoin blockchain as a hybrid scheme with Proof-of-Work.

Peercoin blockchain

Nxt blockchain

Proof-of-Stake has found much recent usage in decentralized applications relating to betting markets and decentralized exchanges. Over 50 Proof-of-Stake projects have been announced from 2015 to 2020.

Decentralized applications (dApps) in Proof-of-Stake

Algorand is a recently launched Proof-of-Stake blockchain that offers the potential for further applications such as tokenization and faster settlement processes. 

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