In an economy represented by an aggregate expenditure model, a widespread loss of business confidence causes autonomous investment to fall by $50 billion. On a standard 45-degree line diagram, which statement best analyzes the complete graphical representation of this event's impact on the economy?

An economy, initially in equilibrium, experiences a sudden drop in autonomous investment. Arrange the following events to describe the correct sequence of the graphical adjustment to a new equilibrium on a 45-degree line diagram.

Analyzing a Housing Market Downturn

Graphical Analysis of a Spending Shock

On a 45-degree line diagram, a €20 billion decrease in autonomous investment will cause the aggregate demand curve to initially shift downward by an amount greater than €20 billion because of the multiplier effect.

Following a sudden decrease in autonomous investment, an economy adjusts to a new, lower equilibrium. Match each stage of this adjustment process with its correct representation on a 45-degree line diagram.

Graphical Adjustment to a Negative Demand Shock

In a standard 45-degree line diagram illustrating a negative demand shock, if autonomous investment falls by €15 billion, the aggregate demand curve will initially shift vertically downward by exactly ______ billion.

On a 45-degree line diagram, an economy is initially at equilibrium (Point A). A negative shock to autonomous spending shifts the aggregate demand (AD) curve down, and the economy eventually settles at a new, lower equilibrium (Point Z). How can the total fall in output (the horizontal distance from the income level at A to the income level at Z) be correctly deconstructed based on the graphical representation?

An economist analyzes a recession using a 45-degree line diagram. They observe that the economy has moved from an initial equilibrium to a new, lower equilibrium, resulting in a total decrease in national income of $200 billion. The economist claims that the initial negative shock to autonomous spending, which started the recession, must have been equal to this $200 billion decrease. Based on the principles illustrated by the diagram, evaluate this claim.

The Multiplier Effect