Intensity and latency differences are used to locate the source of a sound. Low frequency sounds give virtually no intensity difference between ears, which places more importance on the latency differences. High frequencies can produce a sound shadow with significant binural intensity differences. 

Duplex theory of sound localization

The differences between two ears when hearing the beginning of the sound.

Grinnell College

There are differences between the time of arrival for sounds between the two ears. One ear will always be closer to an off-axis sound than the other. The disparities can either be onset or ongoing phase disaprity.

Latency differences in localiztion with auditory cues

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

Onset disparity of latency differences

The continuous mismatch between the information entering the two ears with the arrival of peaks and trouchs of sound waves.  This suggests and change in time between arrival of sound, where the ear that recieves sound first is closer to the source of sound.

Ongoing phase disparity of latency differences

The concept of interaural timing difference is illustrated by a diagram showing sound waves from an off-center source, like jets, traveling towards a listener. The image depicts arced sound waves reaching a human head, with arrows indicating the path to each ear. This visual representation clarifies how sound waves travel a slightly longer distance to the farther ear, resulting in a small delay in arrival time.

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