Creating labels for the persons, objects, or concepts in each item of data. 

Washington State University at Tri-Cities

- Open coding

- Axial coding

- Selective coding


Types of coding in GTM

Muller, M. J., & Kogan, S. (2010). Grounded theory method in HCI and CSCW. Cambridge: IBM Center for Social Software, 1-46.

Grounded theory method in HCI and CSCW

Open coding

a. Finding relationships among the open codes

b. Making "clusters (or category)" out of codes

c. Arranging the categories in a sequence or along a scale to form "dimension" called "dimensionalizing the category" and representing through diagrams, textual representations, situational map, or relationship map.


Axial coding

a. Focus on some sets of codes, and ignore the other (less important codes)

b. Three ways of selection: based on frequency, based on contrasting patterns, based on complex patterns (category or dimension has explanatory power across many different situations or attributes).

c. Reviewing and re-coding

d. making themes based on the role of the collection-creator


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