Open communication was measured by how the mothers and daughters felt about opening up to each other, and how much judgement they perceived from each other.

University of California, Davis

Perceived relationship quality can be defined as the way in which both mother and daughter individually see their relationship, based on the factors of conflict management and adaptability. 

Perceived Relationship Quality in Mother-Daughter Relationships

https://www.jstor.org/stable/40295892?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Susan J.T. Branje: Conflict management in mother-daughter
 interactions in early adolescence (reference) 

Conflict management strategies that emphasize anger, attacks, and/or withdrawal are related to poorer relationship quality between mother and daughter. 

On the other hand, conflict management strategies involving compromising and problem solving create a high perceived relationship quality between mother and daughter, as this relationship is viewed by both as being more egalitarian. 

Conflict Management Strategies

Adaptability, or intradyadic variability, is baed on the idea that mother-daughter interactions form a pattern over time, and measures the variability of this pattern.Higher variability in patterns can mean higher adaptability, and vice versa for lower variability. A lack of variability in patterns could mean rigidity, and is associated with problematic behaviors and lower perceived quality of the relationship.


Adaptability/Intradyadic Variability in Mother-Daughter Relationships

Open Communication in Mother-Daughter Relationships

Perceived dominance measures the amount of dominance mother and daughter attributed to each other, measured using a 5-point Likert scale.

Perceived Dominance in Mother-Daughter Relationships

Criticism in the mother-daughter relationship  is measured by perceived amount of criticism from each other.

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