Examples of opsonins include complement proteins C1q, C3b, and C4b, as well as mannose-binding proteins like lectin and antibodies.

Examples of Opsonins

The coating of a pathogen with opsonin, tagging it for phagocytic cells to easily recognize and destroy it

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Despite the differences in complement activation pathways, they all share and provide four protective outcomes: opsonization, inflammation, chemotaxis, and cytolysis.

Common Outcomes of Complement Activation Pathways

Antibodies have many functions to help facilitate an adaptive immune response:
- Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
- Opsonization
- Neutralization 
- Agglutination
- Activation of The Complement System

Functions of Antibodies

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Opsonization

Neutralization involves the binding of certain antibodies (IgG, IgM, or IgA) to epitopes on the surface of pathogens or toxins, preventing their attachment to cells.

Neutralization

Agglutination or aggregation occurs when pathogens are cross linked by antibodies to create large aggregates. When large aggregates develop phagocytes can ingest them easier. The pentameric structure of IgM provides ten Fab binding sites per molecule, making it the most efficient antibody for agglutination.

Agglutination

Can be more efficient when activated by specific antibody produced by the adaptive immune response. The specific antibody attaches to the pathogen to form an antibody-antigen complex, activating mutlipart protein C1. C1 then recruits other complement proteins in a cascading manner.

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