Among the 1376 patients included in the analysis, the primary end point of respiratory failure developed in 346 patients (25.1%); 180 patients were intubated, and 166 died without intubation. In the primary multivariable analysis with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score, there was no significant association between hydroxychloroquine use and the composite primary end point. Additional multivariable propensity-score analyses yielded similar results.