Emory University

In one experiment, participants were given a test that measured their logical reasoning abilities. After completing the test, they were asked to estimate their performance relative to others. The researchers found that participants who performed poorly on the test significantly overestimated their performance, while those who performed well tended to underestimate their performance.

Logical Reasoning Experiment (Study 2 & 4)

Kruger, J., & Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: how difficulties in recognizing one's own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of personality and social psychology, 77 6, 1121-34 .

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