Numerous pharmacological agents have been utilized in an attempt to treat concussions and their resulting symptoms. These approaches include analgesics and antidepressants.

Pharmaceuticals as Treatment Options for Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs)

This article explores the ethical issues of healthy individuals using pharmaceutical cognitive enhancers like modafinil to boost focus and performance. It raises concerns about fairness, social pressure, personal authenticity, and health risks, arguing that such use may deepen inequality and normalize drug use for non-medical purposes. The authors call for public education, regulation, and further research to address the societal and ethical challenges posed by cognitive enhancement.

Ethical Aspects of the Abuse of Pharmaceutical Enhancements by Healthy People in the Context of Improving Cognitive Functions

A medicinal compound synthesized by humans proven to improve one's condition post consumption. In America, pharmaceuticals are regulated by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA).

Michigan State University

- Nutraceuticals
- Pharmaceuticals
- Therapy
- Exercise

Common Contact Sport Injuries Treatment and Prevention

Kim K, Priefer R. Evaluation of current post-concussion protocols. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020 Sep;129:110406. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110406. Epub 2020 Jul 16. PMID: 32768934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110406

Evaluation of current post-concussion protocols

An alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals that claims physiological benefits. They exist in the same category as dietary supplements and food additives.

Nutraceuticals

- Electroencephalogram (EEG) Neurofeedback
- Prescribed Sleep
- Osteopathic Cranial Manipulative Medicine (OCMM)
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Types of Post-Concussion Therapy

Aerobic exercise via stationary cycling may offer improvements in some aspects of concussion symptoms. 

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