University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

PHP is a `general-purpose scripting language` that widely used in web development. Known for its speed, adaptability, and practicality, it drives a range of websites, from personal blogs to some of the biggest and most visited sites on the internet.

PHP Programming Language

The blueprints for objects are called classes. One of the key distinctions between classes and functions is that a class contains both data (variables) and functions, which together make up a unit of analysis known as a "object."
Class is a form of data that is specified by the programmer and has local variables and methods.
A class is a group of things. An object has traits and actions.

Classes

A method is a function with class instance-specific bounds. In our example above, $car is an instance of the class WheeledVehicle, and the values we have assigned can be accessed within the methods it defines. This implies it can access the property values associated with the instance of the class.

PHP Methods

A variable's name might be short (like x and y) or longer (like age, car name, or total volume).

PHP variable rules:

- A variable starts with the dollar sign or a letter must come first in a variable name.
- No number may begin a variable name.
- Only underscores (A-z, 0-9, and _) and alphanumeric characters are permitted in variable names.
- The capitalization of variable names ($age and $AGE are two distinct variables)

```php
<?php
     $txt = "1cademy.com";
     echo "I love $txt!";
?>
```

PHP Variables

php.net

When writing code, it's very common to want to take multiple actions depending on the situation. To accomplish this, you can utilize conditional statements in your code.

The following conditional statements are available in PHP:

- If a condition is true, the if statement performs some code; if it is false.
- if...else statement executes some code; and if it is true.
- if...elseif...else statement executes multiple codes for more than two circumstances.
- Switch statements are used to choose which of numerous code blocks to execute.

```php
<?php
   $t = date("H");

   if ($t < "20") {
     echo "Welcome to 1cademy.com!";
   }
?>
```

PHP Conditional Statements

When writing code, you frequently want a particular block of code to run a given number of times repeatedly. Thus, we can use loops in a script rather than adding numerous nearly identical code lines.

Loops are used to repeatedly run the same block of code as long as a specific condition is met.

We have the following sorts of loops in PHP:

- while - loops through a block of code as long as the specified condition is true
- do...while - loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop as long as the specified condition is true
- for - loops through a block of code a specified number of times
- foreach - loops through a block of code for each element in an array

PHP Loops

A PHP framework serves as a building block for PHP web applications. By offering code libraries for frequently used functions, PHP frameworks help you write less original code. The use of frameworks offers numerous advantages, including:

- Faster Development
- Less Code to Write
- Libraries for Common Tasks
- Follow Good Coding Practice

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