Due to its strong test–retest reliability, researchers' utilized a single item health indicator to assess perceived general physical health. Participants were asked to respond to the statement ‘‘In general, my physical health is...’’ with responses ranging from 1 (Poor) to 5 (Excellent).

Saint Louis University

- Higher perceptions of self-worth & self-efficacy 
- Had more positive attitudes towards healthy dietary behaviors
- More likely to follow through with healthy eating behaviors 
- Easier transition to college 

Benefits of Authoritative Parenting 

Reed, K., Duncan, J. M., Lucier-Greer, M., Fixelle, C., & Ferraro, A. J. (2016). Helicopter parenting and emerging adult self-efficacy: Implications for mental and physical health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(10), 3136–3149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0466-x

Helicopter Parenting and Emerging Adult Self-Efficacy

A 5 item scale used to assess a general sense of life satisfaction. Sample items include:
- ‘‘I am satisfied with my life’’ 
- ‘‘The conditions of my life are excellent"

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