Definition: Ag and Au nanoparticles and nanorods can induce heating when illuminated at optimal wavelength, corresponding to the plasmon resonance condition, in a process called plasmonic photothermal treatment. The proposed underlying mechanism is plasmon-enhanced shockwave generation, which alters virus membrane and/or surface groups and, therefore, reduces virus binding and fusion with the host cell. 

Plasmonic nanoparticles for photothermal inactivation of the virus include but are not limited to the following:

- Ag nanoparticles

- Au nanoparticles


Photothermal Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Nanomaterial

PTT takes advantage of plasmonic nanoparticles that can generate heat when illuminated at appropriate wavelengths. Using plasmonic nanoparticles may inactivate SARS-CoV-2. 

- Photothermal Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Nanomaterials

Smith College

Utilizes light to trigger biochemical reactions in order to detect and treat patients affected by COVID-19

- Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)-based Virotherapy for COVID-19

- Plasmonic Photothermal (PTT)-based Diagnosis for COVID-19

- Plasmonic Photothermal (PTT)-based Treatment for COVID-19

- Photocatalytic Process-based Treatment for COVID-19

Biomedical Optics for COVID-19

Weiss C, Carriere M, Fusco L, et al. Toward Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches against the COVID-19 Pandemic. ACS Nano. 2020;14(6):6383-6406. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c03697

Toward Nanotechnology-Enabled Approaches against the COVID-19 Pandemic

Biomedical Optics for COVID-19 References by Journal

PDT works by exciting photosensitive (PS) agents through radiation with appropriate wavelengths. This process produces reactive oxygen species that lead to cell death. However, PSs lack hydrophilicity, target specificity, and tissue penetration ability to make PDT an effective therapeutic approach for COVID-19. Using nanoparticles may enhance this therapeutic method to treat COVID-19 patients.

- Photodynamic Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Nanomaterials

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)-based Virotherapy for COVID-19

Plasmonic Photothermal (PTT)-based Diagnosis for COVID-19

Plasmonic Photothermal (PTT)-based Treatment for COVID-19

Photocatalytic process depends on electron excitation of photocatalytic materials upon exposure to the UV light. The electron migration indirectly leads to the production of ROS, which can damage cell wall/cell membrane/DNA or alter proteins. There is an ongoing debate on whether enveloped or non-enveloped viruses are more susceptible to photocatalytic inactivation. 

- Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Photocatalytic Nanomaterials

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