- increases employees’ perceptions of autonomy, which improves remote workers’ work-life-balance due to the separation and  integration of work and nonwork based on personal preferences

- allows mothers to maintain full-time employment upon childbirth

New York University

- Flextime: flexibility in the timing of work, also called schedule flexibility or temporal flexibility

- Work Intensity: work intensification, reported by workers as the excessive workloads and low work-life balance while working from home

Flextime vs. Work Intensity

Shirmohammadi, M., Au, W. C., &amp; Beigi, M. (2022). Remote work and Work-Life Balance: Lessons learned from the covid-19 pandemic and suggestions for HRD Practitioners. Human Resource Development International, 25(2), 163–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2047380 

Remote work and work-life balance: Lessons learned from the covid-19 pandemic and suggestions for HRD practitioners

Positive Outcomes of Flextime

- could reinforce traditional gender roles in both workplaces and households due to the pre-existing barriers such as ideal worker culture, gendered norms, and stereotypes

- work intensification: excessive workloads and low work-life balance due to the expectatios that employees should always be available and ready to respond to work requests immediately

- working late at night

- ignoring remote workers’ family obligations

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