Antivirals, glucocorticoids, and immunoglobulin treatments have not proven to significantly improve the clinical outcome of COVID-19, therefore targeting specific aspects of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 may be more effective. Enhancing lymphocytes with strategies such as NK cell-based therapy; immunomodulators; and convalescent plasma therapy, and inhibiting inflammation using strategies such as mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy; regulatory T cell-based therapy; blood purification; blocking IL-6 signalling; and Janus kinase inhibitors should be explored.