Participants were recruited from online advertisements, e-mail campaigns, blogs, social media, and SMS campaigns. Informed consent was obtained electronically before data were collected from the participants.

Syracuse University

Smith College

The scale was aimed at the people in the general Iranian population who are Iranian, aged 18 years or older, and able to understand spoken Persian or Farsi. The sample the researchers got in the end was a sample size of 717 individuals with a mean age of 31.25 and an average of 8.9 years of education. More than half of the participants were males (n = 416; 58%), and nearly one-fifth of the participants were current smokers (n = 139; 19.4%)

Participants in Study of the "Fear of COVID-19 Scale"

Ahorsu, D.K., Lin, C., Imani, V. et al. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8

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