Validators are chosen after thorough inspection from a trusted and specified group such as the entity that controls the election. Identity values are used forcing validators to use their reputations to create or write new data blocks. 
Transitions and blocks are verified by system moderators who are approved participants. The algorithm is secured by selecting the validation node as a trustworthy entity allowing mores security from clash attacks.


Proof-of-authority (PoA) Applied to Ethereum E-Voting System 


A Proof-of-authority (PoA) algorithm that is currently (2021) being implemented in Geth-An Ethereum blockchain that uses the GoLang programing language.
In this algorithm, blocks are proposed by block leaders and other validators. The total number of validators is determined by the equation ((n/2)-1) which translates to half the total validator minus 1. As an example, if there were  6 validators then the equation would be ((6/2)-1) allowing for only two validators to be able to propose new blocks alongside the block leaders.


Clique Applied to the Ethereum E-Voting System

A reputation-based consensus algorithm with minimal validators. 


Indiana University

Blockchains such as the Ethereum blockchain can be used for electronic voting systems for government elections.

Electronic Voting System Using Ethereum Blockchain 

Christyono, B. B. A., Widjaja, M., & Wicaksana, A. (2021). Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority. Telkomnika, 19(5), 1565-1572.

Go-Ethereum for electronic voting system using clique as proof-of-authority.

Voting Protocol on the Ethereum E-Voting System

- Security
- Accuracy
- Transparency
- Autonomy
- Anonymity
- Fairness 
- Efficiency


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