*P. acnes* secretes enzymes that damage the hair follicle, causing inflammatory lesions that may include papules, pustules, nodules, or pseudocysts, depending on their size and severity.

Virulence Factors of *Propionibacterium acnes*

Often comedones lead to infection by *Propionibacterium acnes*, a gram-positive, non-spore-forming, aerotolerant anaerobic bacillus found on skin that consumes components of sebum.

University of Southern Mississippi

One of the most ubiquitous skin conditions is acne. Acne afflicts nearly 80% of teenagers and young adults, but it can be found in individuals of all ages. Higher incidence among adolescents is due to hormonal changes that can result in overproduction of sebum. Acne is characterized by whitehead and blackhead comedones that result from clogged hair follicles.

Acne

https://openstax.org/details/books/microbiology/

Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

OpenStax Microbiology Textbook

*Propionibacterium acnes*

Comedomes (white heads, black heads, papules, pustules, nodules. or psuedocysts). 

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