Proto-organelles are prokaryotic structures that compartmentalize important compounds or chemical reactions, functioning similarly to eukaryotic organelles. For instance, some carboxysomes are considered proto-organelles because they sequester functionally related enzymes in a specific cellular location.

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Carboxysomes are cytoplasmic inclusions composed of an outer shell made of thousands of protein subunits. Produced by cyanobacteria like Anabaena cylindrica and other bacteria such as Halothiobacillus neapolitanus, their interior is filled with carbonic anhydrase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) for use in carbon metabolism.

Carboxysomes

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

Microbiology is produced through a collaborative publishing agreement between OpenStax and the American Society for Microbiology Press. The book aligns with the curriculum guidelines of the American Society for Microbiology.

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