- Reliable support and discipline from caregivers 
- Following rules at school, home, work 
- Emotional self-regulation 
- Good coping and problem-solving skills 
- Sense of self-sufficiency 
- Optimism 
- Positive self-regard 

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Characteristics associated with a lower likelihood of developing a mental illness/disorder.
- Biophysical 
- Psychological 
- Social 
- Spiritual 

Protective Factors

Risk and protective factors. The American Mental Wellness Association . (n.d.). Retrieved January 6, 2022, from https://www.americanmentalwellness.org/prevention/risk-and-protective-factors/ 

Risk and Protective Factors 

Psychological Protective Factors 

- Secure attachment as a child 
- Healthy diet, exercise, and development 

Biophysical Protective Factors

- Ability to make friends and get along with others 
- Good peer and family relationships 
- Participation in extracurricular activities 
- Economic/financial security 
- Access to support services

Social Protective Factors

- Future orientation 
- Achievement motivation 
- Set of moral beliefs 

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