Ciccarelli, Saundra K, and J Noland. Psychology : DSM 5. 5th ed., Boston, Pearson, 18 May 2013.

New York University

Citation Reference for Intellectual Developmental Disorder Node

Ali, Mourad, et al. “DEFINING and DETERMINING INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY (INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER): INSIGHTS from DSM-5.” International Journal of Psycho-Educational Sciences |, vol. 8, no. 1, 2019, p. 52, files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED594326.pdf. Accessed 25 Sept. 2023.


Psychology DSM-5. 

Boat, Thomas F, and Joel T Wu. “Clinical Characteristics of Intellectual Disabilities.” Nih.gov, National Academies Press (US), 28 Oct. 2015, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK332877/. Accessed 25 Sept. 2023.


Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022, April 8). Causes and risk factors. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/causes-and-risk-factors.html

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