- Psychological effects of quarantine and isolation
- Stressors of quarantine and isolation

Psychosocial burden of quarantine and isolation

 During the 2003 SARS outbreak in Taiwan, nurses working in the SARS unit suffered from more depressive symptoms and insomnia compared to those from non-SARS units and occurrence of psychiatric symptoms was associated with direct exposure to SARS patient care . Even after three years of SARS outbreak in 2003, a significant number of the related hospital workers in Beijing, China experienced some PTSD .  Higher risk groups include frontline workers like police, nurses, armed forces etc.  Those who are performing hospital duties on a day-care basis and have to return to home are at increased risk of developing profound anxiety regarding the fear of transmitting the disease to their own family members

Psychosocial impact on healthcare workers

Nationwide lockdowns can produce acute panic, anxiety, obsessive behaviors, hoarding, paranoia, and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the long run. Outbursts of racism, stigmatization, and xenophobia against particular communities are also being widely reported. Nevertheless, frontline healthcare workers are at higher-risk of contracting the disease, as well as experiencing adverse psychological outcomes in form of burnout, anxiety, fear of transmitting infection. This may also cause a change that negatively impacts the normal life of children, resulting in mental distress.

Psychosocial Impact on The General Public

- Psychosocial impact on general public
- Psychosocial impact on healthcare workers
- Psychosocial burden of quarantine and isolation

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- Cognitive Impacts
- Creating New Measurements
- Long-term prognosis and psychological impacts
- Mental Health focuses
- Psychosocial impact 
- Strategies to combat the psychological impact of COVID-19
- Substance use issues
- Relationship conflict and sexual behavior

Focuses of the Psychological effects of COVID-19 pandemic

Due to the large life and routine changes caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic,  substance use issues are arising and increasingly relevant public health problems that needs to be addressed.

Substance Use Issues Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 patients have reported mental fatigue and loss of concentration.  Severe cognitive impairment is reported by people with secondary illnesses.  Encephalopathy (damage to brain) is observed after extubation.  This could be because of sedation or mechanical ventilation.  Damage to the brain can occur from bacteria during ventilation. 
 



Cognitive impacts of COVID-19

Many reports show that most patients can return to their roles and recover fully but some survivors will have lasting disability.  Sedation affects recall which is why those patients won't necessarily have a long lasting trauma but patients who are conscious may experience anxiety especially when they are physically disabled or dependent due to the virus.  Risk of depression increases when the patients are separated from their families for a prolonged period of time.  Loss of independence is experience and many have to go through outpatient psychotherapy.

Long-term prognosis and psychological impacts

The impact the pandemic has on the psychological state of the people is something many psychologists are interested to investigate, and as such, new measurements specific to the pandemic is needed

Creating New Measurements for Psychology during COVID-19 Pandemic

- Children

- Domestic caregivers

- Old age

- Marginalized community

- General public

- People who have or had COVID-19

- People with pre-existing mental health disorders

- Health-care workers

Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on different sections of society

- Mental Disorders
- Mental Health and psychological distress
- Mental Health Care
- Mental Health Consequences and physical distancing
- Mental Health Risk Factors
- Students mental health

Mental health focuses (COVID-19)

- Accurate dissemination of health and related information to the public
- Addition of psychologists and psychiatrists to the COVID-19 task force
- Have HCPs take a bigger role in mental health care of patients
- Identification of high-risk groups (psychologically)
- Improved screening of psychiatric morbidities
- Integration of hospital and community resources
- Psycho-education (preventative)
- Psychological interventions and psychosocial support
- Psychological support for frontline workers



Strategies to Combat Psychological Impact of COVID-19

- COVID-19 pandemic causes: disruptions of daily routines, anxiety of the pandemic, lack of physical activity, absence of outside social outlets, lack of access to unperson therapy, and reduced physical contact (e.g. hugging..)
- All may contribute to romantic relationship conflict 
- Previous study showed married couple experienced greater negative impact on mental well-being than unmarried couple during the pandemic 
- Psychological stress impact sexual desire and sexual function; sexual desire and orgasm are known to be supported by a lower-stress environment 
- Life-threatening event and Intense financial stress and economic hardship may lead to relationship conflict


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