- Average sentiment polarity scores based on days (points) and weeks (dashed line) where -1 is negative, 1 is positive, and 0 is neutral
- Overall moderately positive sentiment polarity

University of Michigan - Ann Arbor

- 2,287,344 tweets from 948,666 accounts were included in the study
- A large increase in daily tweets to 51,176 on November 9th when Pfizer notified the public that their vaccine is more than 90% effective
- There are generally positive sentiments, but depending on what is covered in the news, sentiments varied – negative sentiments when Johnson&Johnson temporary stopped their trials on October 12th; positive sentiments when Moderna announced that their vaccines are safe and effective
- Compared to tweets from individual user accounts, organizations contributed more to positive sentiments 
- The topic of vaccine development had positive sentiments throughout the period of study
- Misinformation and conspiracy theories were two topics with overall negative sentiments – mostly from individual, female users 

Public Perception of COVID-19 Vaccines through Analysis of Twitter Content and Users Results

Saleh, S. N., McDonald, S. A., Basit, M. A., Kumar, S., Arasaratnam, R. J., Perl, T. M., ... & Medford, R. J. (2021). Public Perception of COVID-19 Vaccines through Analysis of Twitter Content and Users. medRxiv. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.04.19.21255701v1

Public Perception of COVID-19 Vaccines through Analysis of Twitter Content and Users

Public Perception of COVID-19 Vaccines through Analysis of Twitter Content and Users Results - Sentiment Polarity Figure

- This graph shows the percentage of tweets associated with each of the emotions listed on the right. 
- Trust and anticipation have overall positive trends while fear has a negative trend

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