- In order to understand differences in motor planning, behavioral measurements (accuracy, reaction times, etc.) can be used to discern between speech and oromotor differences
- Oromotor activity was both more accurate and slower than "non-words" (where participants were asked to make existing syllable sounds, but not an entire word)
- Oromotor activity was also much slower compared to saying common (monosyllabic) words, but just as fast in repeating uncommon "non-words"

Behavioral Measurements in Motor Planning 

- High temporal-resolution electroencephalographic/evoked potential (also known as EEG/ ERP) can be used to monitor brain activity
- Specifically, EEG/ERP utilizes an electrical field/ amplitudes, which (when shown to change) can indicate that different regions of the brain/brain networks are being used

EEG/ ERP Measurements in Motor Planning

- In order to understand the individual differences in speech vs. oromotor activity, researchers utilized two types of research methods in order to further characterize their "type" of  motor planning 
- This includes quantification from a behavioral perspective, and through a more analytical one (EEG/ERP)

Smith College

- In order to clearly understand the different purposes of speech vs. the physical movements of the mouth associated with speech, different definitions have been given to each activity/ concept
- "Speech" is defined as the process of creating phonetic associations with words that have been chosen to represent an abstract idea
- Speech does utilize physical processes (including the respiratory/articulatory processes) in order to achieve its previously defined purpose 
- "Oromotor activity" is defined as the process of creating these words (syllables, phonemes, etc.), as well as non-verbal oral movements 

Conceptual Differences between Speech vs. Oromotor Activity 

Lancheros M, Jouen AL, Laganaro M. Neural dynamics of speech and non-speech motor planning. Brain Lang. 2020 Apr;203:104742. doi: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104742. Epub 2020 Jan 24. PMID: 31986473.

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