- As MBI teaches participants to habituate difficult emotions with an opening and acceptive attitude, it thereby contributes to emotion regulation and enhances neural behaviors 
- The elevated mindfulness level induced by MBI may also mediate the associations between MBI and aggressiveness. 
- It is possible that the improved psychological status induced by changes of mindfulness level may account for reduced aggressive behavior

Aggression Reduction through MBI

Experimental data supports the effectiveness of MBI in children and adolescents with aggressive behavior problems. Meta-analytical results indicate a moderate overall effect size of MBI on aggressiveness in children. Some of the most notably effective MBI therapies are: MBCT, Mindful Breathing Exercises, Meditation, and Yoga.


Effectiveness of MBI in Reducing Aggression among Youth

Children are experiencing increasing amounts of adversity and with the current raised interest in Mindfulness techniques in adults, there is a call to expand this research to incorporate the child and youth population.

Villanova University

It is noted that there are possible benefits for children participating in different mindfulness-related activities, such as yoga and meditation. However, it should be noted that more in-depth research is needed to measure change over time.

Mindfulness in Children and Youth

Greenberg, Mark T., and Alexis R. Harris. “Nurturing Mindfulness in Children and Youth: Current State of Research.” Child Development Perspectives, vol. 6, no. 2, 2012, pp. 161–66. Wiley Online Library, doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2011.00215.x.


Nurturing Mindfulness in Children and Youth: Current State of Research

Reasons for Promoting Mindfulness in Children and Youth

Adaptation will need to occur in order to be able to use these skills with this age group, but several practices are currently in the process of being explored. However, the current enthusiasm for the project has been stated to outweigh the research that supports it.

Contemplative Practices in Children and Youth

- Students exhibited a significant increase in attentional skills such as speed and quality of processing, selective attention, and processing speed.
- Students exhibited a significant decrease in stress factors relating to family, health, and academics.

The Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention Program on Students

A study conducted in Eastside Los Angeles amongst Latinx families in the area showed that participation in community-derived mindfulness-based intervention training led to improvements in perceived stress, emotion regulation in parents,  and increased family social support for children.

Mindfulness-based Interventions for Latinx Families

Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction programs adapted for adults with autism spectrum disorder and their caregivers (mainly parents) showed an increase in subjective wellbeing and related mental health issues plus a further increase when participants came back in for a follow up.  A mindfulness based intervention called MYmind was adapted for adolescents (ages 8-19) and their parents.  Children showed improvements in social communication problems, emotional and behavioral functioning whereas parents improved in terms of parenting and parental mindful awareness.  Both these studies show that mindfulness-based programs can improve both autism spectrum disorder symptoms and common comorbid emotional and behavioral problems while also offering support for families.

Mindfulness and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

An experimental design compared minority children who received a mindfulness intervention (MI) with those who received a health education intervention (HEI) pre- and post-intervention. The results showed that children in the MI group experienced a greater decrease in depression symptoms compared to those in the HEI group (Liehr & Diaz, 2010).

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