Distinct facial expressions in nonhuman primates:
- grimace (fear or surprise
- tense mouth (anger)
- play face (human laugh)

Michigan State University

New York University

- Darwin's perspective
- Redican's perspective
- Evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary viewpoint of emotions

Breedlove, S. & Watson, N. (2017). Behavioral neuroscience, eighth edition. Oxford University Press.

Behavioral Neuroscience 8th Edition

- The tendency of individuals to show the same response pattern to particular situations throughout their life span

Individual Response Stereotypy

Redican's Viewpoint of Evolution of Emotions

- Certain expressions of emotions are universal among all people
- Do nonhuman animals show similar expressions of emotions?
- Argued that emotional expression originated in a common ancestor
- Behavioral phenomena, nonhuman primates have the same facial muscles that humans have

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