Reactive oxidative species are molecules that contain oxygen that has been partially reduced, typically as a byproduct of aerobic respiration, and therefore contains a highly unstable oxygen ion. ROS are very damaging to structures they come in contact with. Some examples of ROS are peroxides, hydroxyl radical, and hypochlorite ion (household bleach).

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)

Oxidation and reduction reactions work in tandem so they are often referred to as redox reactions.

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A reaction that takes electrons from donor molecules, oxidizing them

Oxidation Reaction

A reaction that gives electrons to acceptor molecules, reducing them

Reducation Reaction

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Microbiology covers the scope and sequence requirements for a single-semester microbiology course for non-majors. The book presents the core concepts of microbiology with a focus on applications for careers in allied health. The pedagogical features of the text make the material interesting and accessible while maintaining the career-application focus and scientific rigor inherent in the subject matter. Microbiology’s art program enhances students’ understanding of concepts through clear and effective illustrations, diagrams, and photographs.

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